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''Fraxinus mandshurica'' (Manchurian Ash) is a species of ''Fraxinus'' native to northeastern Asia in northern China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi), Korea, Japan and southeastern Russia (Sakhalin Island). It is a medium-sized to large deciduous tree reaching 30 m tall, with a trunk up to 50 cm in diameter. The leaves are 25–40 cm long, pinnate compound, with 7-13 leaflets, the leaflets 5–20 cm long and 2–5 cm broad, subsessile on the leaf rachis, and with a serrated margin. They turn to a golden-yellow in early autumn, and the tree is usually early to change color. The flowers are produced in early spring, before the new leaves, in compact panicles; they are inconspicuous with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The fruit is a samara comprising a single seed 1–2 cm long with an elongated apical wing 2.5–4 cm long and 5–7 mm broad.〔 It is closely related to ''Fraxinus nigra'' (Black Ash) from eastern North America, and has been treated as a subspecies or variety of it by some authors, as ''F. nigra'' subsp. ''mandschurica'' (Rupr.) S.S.Sun, or ''F. nigra'' var. ''mandschurica'' (Rupr.) Lingelsheim.〔 The spelling of the species name is disputed; some (e.g. the ''Flora of China''〔) cite ''mandschurica'', while others (e.g. USDA GRIN〔Germplasm Resources Information Network: (''Fraxinus mandshurica'' )〕) cite ''mandshurica''. The original 1857 Russian publication spelled it without the "c." 〔Ruprecht, Franz Josef. 1857. Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 15: 371.〕 ==Ecology== It is tolerant of many soil conditions including the wet soils of swamps and river valleys, and is not particular as to soil pH except for showing poor growth at high pH.〔Alberta Government agriculture & food: (''Fraxinus'' )〕 It requires full sun for optimal growth, and should receive at least 50 cm of precipitation each year. It requires a continental climate with well-defined seasons with cold winters, hot summers, and freedom from late spring frosts.〔Bean, W. J. (1978). ''Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles'' 8th ed., vol. 2. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-2256-0.〕 The seeds are eaten by a wide variety of birds. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fraxinus mandschurica」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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